Squids first appeared about 100 million years ago and quickly rose to become dominant predators in the ancient oceans, according to a study published in the journal Science. A team of researchers from ...

This video explores Mars billions of years ago when it had a thicker atmosphere, active volcanoes, and vast bodies of liquid water. During the Noachian period, oceans and rivers covered large parts of ...

Below the waves, giant marine reptiles, such as the fearsome 4m (13ft) long mosasaurs, were the undisputed apex predators. In artistic reconstructions of these ancient oceans, cephalopods – the animal ...

Long before whales and sharks, enormous marine reptiles dominated the oceans with unmatched power. Scientists have reconstructed a 130-million-year-old marine ecosystem from Colombia and found ...

An ancient ocean retained oxygen despite global warming, revealing unexpected insights into oceanic climate change.

Scientists studying ancient ocean fossils found that the Arabian Sea was better oxygenated 16 million years ago, even though the planet was warmer than today. Oxygen levels only plunged millions of ...

What looks like an ordinary creek quickly turns into something much more surprising. As the search begins, the ground starts revealing signs of an ancient ocean floor, along with amazing calcite ...

Mass extinction events throughout Earth’s history are characterized as significant disruptions to life on the planet. There have been five major extinction events that have fundamentally changed how ...

A recent study in Nature Geoscience offers important new insights into the hidden role of ancient groundwater beneath the ocean floor—and how it may have interacted with ice sheets and rising sea ...