Cytokines regulate inflammation, autoimmunity and articular destruction in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) has proved to be of particular ...

Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterised by the destruction of alveolar walls. This pathophysiology involves damage that impairs the lungs' ability to recoil: decreasing airflow and causing ...

Cardiopulmonary diseases remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with environmental exposures playing a pivotal role in their ...

The Chicago Manual of Style is an American English style guide published by the University of Chicago Press. The Manual’s guidelines for publishing, style and usage, and citations and indexes—known as ...