X-ray crystallography, like mass spectroscopy and nuclear spectroscopy, is an extremely useful material characterization technique that is unfortunately hard for amateurs to perform. The physical ...

What is X-Ray Crystallography? X-ray crystallography is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials. It involves directing a beam of X ...

Macromolecular X-ray crystallography remains a cornerstone of structural biology, enabling atomic-level characterisation of proteins, nucleic acids and complex assemblies. The technique typically ...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of photosynthesis can enable significant progress in the fields of biotechnology and renewable energy. Photosystem II (PSII), a protein ...

Modern protein crystal structures are based nearly exclusively on X-ray data collected at cryogenic temperatures (generally 100 K). The cooling process is thought to introduce little bias in the ...