PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

It goes without saying, tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) loops is a dreaded task for the majority of controls engineers. Once you hit the sweet spot and fine tune your loop, knowing how ...

Equipment designers find that proportional control technology is ideal where precise performance is required in variable pressure or flow applications. Often perceived as more complicated than other ...

A few weeks ago, I installed an automatic water heater switch to my bathroom, but it was a crude device. What I really want to do is design a universal heater driver. That basic idea can be adapted to ...

The Enfinity System combines an M2 pneumatic-control valve and a C2 controller, both available with an integrated driver.The M2 instrument-grade, proportional, directional-control pneumatic valve uses ...

The importance of motor trajectory profiles and how they’re used in brushless DC (BLDC) motor control to minimize vibration and smooth out other performance issues. Why the PID loop is the most widely ...

The introduction of inverse feedback and control loops incorporating it was a brilliant advance in the history of engineering, but it was soon followed (probably on that very same day!) by the ...