Recent study indicates that the non-instantaneous interaction of convection and circulation is essential for evolution of large-scale convective systems. It is incorporated into cumulus ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract This study examines the roles of shallow convection in the eastward propagation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) using new and old ...

Earth's tropical regions drive some of the most powerful weather and climate variability globally. Among these, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a dominant intraseasonal climate signal, ...

The results revealed stark regional contrasts. Over the Indian Ocean, the MJO propagated eastward more rapidly during the later period, aided by stronger horizontal moisture gradients, enhanced ...