The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of carriage — what we typically call transmission — and to understand that fully, we need to understand the ...

Modulation is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal. A carrier signal is one with a steady waveform (a constant amplitude and ...

Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs), which use frequency up-conversion of an external seed laser to improve temporal coherence, are considered ideal for supplying stable, fully coherent, soft X-ray ...

Have you ever heard terms like modulation scheme, orthoganal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), or symbol rate and scratched your head? As new wireless standards emerge, we get excited about the ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

There are two radio modulation schemes everyone should know. Amplitude modulation changes the amplitude — or ‘volume’, if you will — of a carrier frequency and turns all radio into channels owned and ...

As our society’s hunger for data grows—not only more data, but more data delivered faster—older modulation schemes based on NRZ-type encoding grow increasingly inadequate. We need to get data from ...

However, there’s still the need to receive, demodulate, and decode all of the different code schemes. It would be much easier ...

Baseband modulation techniques encode information directly as the amplitude, width, or position of a pulse. They do not utilize a sinusoidal carrier. Some of these modulation schemes are known by the ...

Emerging, data-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning are gaining popularity. Data centers, which act as the essential infrastructure for these technologies, need to ...