Refining is the process of purification of a substance or material. It is often used as a term for transforming a natural resource that is just shy of being pure into a much more useful product.

A big part of the recycling of electronic equipment is the recovery of metals such as gold. Usually the printed circuit boards and other components are shredded, sorted, and then separated. But ...

The recovery of gold and other noble metals from electronic waste, in particular discarded mobile phones, has enormous potential, but is still underdeveloped. British and American scientists have now ...

Distillation is the processing of a liquid mixture to separate the components by alternating evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in fundamentally complete separation, producing ...

Even as information disseminated by high-profile international agencies, including the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), points to an enhanced focus on eradicating the use of mercury in ...