For example, if the stroke volume at rest is 70 cm 3 and the heart rate is 70 bpm, then the cardiac output is 70 × 70 cm 3 per minute = 4900 cm 3 per minute.

For example, if the stroke volume at rest is 70 ml and the heart rate is 70 bpm, then the cardiac output is 70 × 70 ml per minute = 4900 ml/min or 4.9 l/min.

Two patients died during the course of these studies, and during the subsequent closed-chest cardiac massage, cardiac output and other hemodynamic parameters were determined.

The LIFEGARD ICG provides continuous cardiac output by measuring the ICG (impedance cardiogram) to calculate cardiac output.