IN 1960 chronic or maintenance hemodialysis became feasible with the first successful placement of an artificial external arteriovenous shunt. With that development the endeavor of chronic ...

Among patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an arteriovenous (AV) shunt improves physiological parameters such as cardiac output and oxygen delivery but does not have a ...

Briefly, this is how the AV fistula operation is performed: After ad-ministering local anesthesia, the surgeon makes a small incision over the patient’s radial pulse, mobilizes the radial artery, and ...